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    • 专利摘要:
    Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller, designed as a stack of vertical plates, with bypass, temperature control and heat recovery, consisting of two generators (13, 15), three absorbers (17, 18, 20), an evaporator (25), a condenser (23 ), two controlled by control valves (M3, M5) solution-vapor-emitting (on the one hand 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 8A, M3, V1, V2 on the other hand 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 10A, M5, V3, V4) the construction of the plate stack next to the thin two-dimensional mold plates for generators, absorber, condenser and evaporator also thick mold plates with three-dimensional elements for containers, pumps and distribution channels use, and this plate stack consists of three surface-connected sub-stacks, of which the outer (1A, 1B ) Containers, pumps and distribution channels, while the middle stack (2) with the generators, absorber, condenser and evaporator is narrower, so that on the side of the gesa The plate stack has a recessed vertical longitudinal channel in which the control elements (6) of the machine are mounted.
    公开号:AT514997A1
    申请号:T807/2013
    申请日:2013-10-21
    公开日:2015-05-15
    发明作者:Gerhard Dr Kunze
    申请人:Gerhard Dr Kunze；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    introduction
    Ammonia water absorption refrigeration machines are considered large, heavy and expensive and the energy efficiency is significantly lower than at
    Compression chillers. In connection with renewable energies, there are new approaches in refrigeration, which try to make the ammonia-water absorption again interesting. While compression refrigerators require mechanical or electrical power to operate, and are environmentally objectionable, ammonia water absorption chillers can be powered by relatively low temperature heat. Such heat can come from sustainable sources or from industrial waste heat. For an ecologically relevant, massive spread of this technology, it would be necessary to improve the efficiency of these machines and to significantly reduce the production costs per unit of power. In addition, for safety reasons, only small-volume ammonia-water absorption refrigeration machines are to be built, since any emerging ammonia is not without danger. This results in the need for a modular concept, where machines of high performance consist of a group of machines operating in a smaller autonomous manner, but which are to be joined together as compactly as possible for reasons of space. Another obvious advantage of this approach is that small machines are much more suited to cost-effective industrial mass production than large ones.
    There are already proposals and experimental equipment that improve the efficiency and on the other hand ideas to make the construction more compact, smaller and lighter and thus cheaper. These are all intermittent systems or batch processes with recovery of waste heat. They do not work with electric solution pumps but with slow steam pumps without moving parts, apart from non-return valves. In this group there are also methods to further lower the ammonia concentration of the solution leaving the digester or generator in a second step, called "bypass", before passing it into the absorber and finally experimenting with these plate-type machines, with the mankomplexe piping systems, as typical for absorption chillers, in a single plate block as a multi-level system connects, analogous to the design that is used in electronics for microchips.
    The weaknesses of these different approaches are logically linked: Complex systems such as the bypass system require on the one hand a design that radically reduces the manufacturing effort, just as the aforementioned plate construction and on the other hand for a stable, trouble-free run at least two independently controllable solution pumps, which as vapor pumps without moving parts also only However, there are so far no controllable steam pumps without moving parts, perhaps also because there is no place in the previous plate concept for the required control mechanisms, especially if this Plattenbauweise also want to train modular, because In this case, external attachments to the disk block would hinder the interconnection of multiple modules.
    The present invention therefore describes a possible architecture of such intermittent ammonia-water absorption refrigeration machines in the batch process bypass system, which allows integration of control elements and, thus, also directly adapted to this design steam pump with no moving parts, which can be controlled accordingly.
    State of the art
    A full description of the innovations discussed here, such as steam pump, absorption heat recovery, bypass and plate construction, can be found at: tittp.v / www.solartrost.com / h'iJt '/ icebook.pdi
    The prior art described herein explicitly relates to ammonia water absorption chillers operating with vapor pumps without moving parts (other than check valves), ie machines that have been explicitly designed for the lowest possible consumption of electrical or mechanical energy, because they are designed with cheap low-temperature heat, be it industrial waste heat or solar heat, driven. (See, for example, WO 03 / 095844A1, AT 504 399 B1, AT 511 288 B1)
    Such steam pumps operate at low frequency because the medium is to be transported, itself must absorb heat to produce the necessary pressure. Then fresh cold solution has to be sucked in again. This is done by a self-acting pressure reducer, which is a cold liquid volume through which, at the end of the pump exhaust process, gas bubbles out of the pumping space and is thereby absorbed. Typically, a pump cycle time of one to several minutes is achieved. At such a cycle time, the amount of solution delivered at each pump stroke is almost as large as the entire solution in the remainder of the machine. The operation process of such a refrigerator is therefore not continuous but intermittent. It is therefore a batch process. Experiences made with continuous-flow ammonia-water absorption chillers can only be transferred with restrictions to systems with such steam pumps.
    Waste heat accumulates at several points in ammonia water absorption chillers. On the one hand, it is necessary to distinguish between hot components such as the rectifier and the zone in the inlet area of the absorber, where the hot solution flows from the generator into the absorber and, on the other hand, only warm components, such as the absorber itself. The condenser also gives off heat, but its temperature should be just above the ambient temperature and it is therefore uninteresting. The "classical heat recovery" in ammonia water absorption chillers, namely, between the cold solution flowing into the generator and the hot solution flowing out of it, can not take place in a steam pumped batch system. For one thing, even the steam pump heats up the solution before it enters the generator and, secondly, does not simultaneously result in the onset and release of solution at the generator since it is a batch system.
    The most significant amount of energy is the amount of energy that can be obtained from the absorber, but it is assumed that the absorbent solution is cooled slowly over a longer path and synchronously the
    Concentration of the solution increases while the pressure in the absorber remains constant. Overall, the amount of heat released upon absorption is almost as large as the amount of heat that must be used in the generator to evaporate the ammonia. Of course, the heat of absorption falls in a temperature interval whose limits are lower than the temperature interval of the generator heating, although these two temperature intervals overlap, so that only in this area the heat of absorption can be returned to the process. In addition, be aware that when the solution in the generator is heated, the energy input per degree centigrade by which the solution is heated during the gas expulsion process is much greater at lower temperatures than at high temperatures. The same applies in the absorber that the released absorption heat which can be obtained per degree Celsius cooling of the absorber solution is much larger at low temperatures than at high temperatures. Thus, the shift in temperature intervals between absorber and generator results in that the lower temperature range of the absorber recooling can be used in the lower temperature range of the generator heater, but that the amount of heat so recoverable is less than half the generator's energy requirement in this overlapping temperature range. On the other hand, this means that more than half of the resulting absorber heat is not yet used.
    For the recovery of absorption heat see AT 500232A1, AT 504 399 Bl, AT 506 356 Bl
    Another method for improving the efficiency at low cooling and at high recooling temperatures is to further boil the solution coming from the generator in a second generator at a pressure level lying between the absorber pressure and the generator pressure, and the solution coming from the absorber in a second absorber, which is at this mean pressure to contact this vapor before it is pumped into the generator. Therefore, part of the ammonia does not circulate through the condenser and the evaporator, but returns to the first generator via a bypass called a parallel path. The second generator and the second absorber are then better called bypass generator and bypass absorber for clarity. For this complex system, however, one then needs two solution pumps, the first from the absorber to the bypass absorber, and the second pump from the bypass absorber to the generator.
    A description of the bypass system can be found in AT 407 085 B, AT 506 356 Bl
    But this additional effort is worthwhile. On the one hand, this can significantly reduce the achievable cooling temperature and at the same time raise the recooling temperature of the machine. In addition, the efficiency of the machine increases. However, this principle has hitherto only been tried out in laboratory models, since in practice it is very complicated to synchronize two absorbers and two drainage pumps in a batch process in accordance with this.
    In order to enable a compact and relatively small construction of ammonia water absorption chillers, it has been attempted with a plate construction as a multi-level system to get the complex connection system of the different heat exchangers and tempering media of chillers under control.
    Two types of plates are used in a plate stack, namely on the one hand so-called shaped plates made of sealing material, preferably swelling fiber composite sealants, which are perforated through holes and channel-shaped cutouts and serve for the passage of liquids or gases, and sheet metal separator plates in which holes for the passage of liquids or gases are made perpendicular to the plane of the plate is built. This stack is compressed by screws, clamps or other mechanical means between two stronger metallic outer plates, so that between each two mold plates a separating plate and between two separating plates a mold plate comes to rest. See AT 506 358 Bl
    In order to keep these plate packs not only at the edge where the screws sit, but also in the middle, a hydraulic pad was proposed in AT 511 228 Bl.
    Critical is the arrangement of all components in an integrated plate block because of the risk of thermal bridges between hot and cold components where no heat should flow. Also, the pressure differences of the various components are problematic because the thin partition plates are easily bent, which can lead to leaks. In previous laboratory models and prototypes, therefore, components with different pressures have always been arranged in such a way that, with respect to the plate planes, they always lie next to each other and not behind one another so that they can not exert pressure on each other. In addition, the different temperatures and the fact that That part of the solution transport is done by gravity results in a vertically one-dimensional arrangement of all the heat exchanging elements but leaves external containers which can not be integrated or where it is not economical to do so because the container volume is large compared to the remaining plate volume.
    Problems with the current state of the art
    Despite the approaches just described, these innovations for ammonia water absorption refrigerators are still not satisfactory to justify mass industrial production of such machines.
    A major problem is the steam pumps. Their pumping power is not controllable, but rather depends on the temperature and pressure conditions used as well as certain statistically occurring disturbances. As a result, more complex cooling cycles, where two or more multiple pumping operations do not occur simultaneously and in parallel, are particularly important for the above-mentioned bypass system.
    Apart from the synchronization, the Bypass system also causes problems with the Batch process: Because of the intermittent flow of solution through the Bypass Absorber, the outgassing of the hot solution in the Bypass Generator can not occur in a timely manner and the entire Bypass process is only complete. Heat recovery is currently only partially used. The low temperature range of the absorber heat is not used to date.
    The integration of the machine in a compact disk block must also be perfected. Although the aforementioned hydraulic pad prevents leaks between zones having different pressures within the plate block, a minimum pressure of about 25 bar must exist in the hydraulic pad. This is another obstacle to the integration of containers into the disk block. While elements such as generator or absorber can be built with a small-scale internal structure, which can easily absorb and compensate for this external pressure, this is impractical with large-volume plate-shaped containers and leads to complex expensive constructions.
    The vertical one-dimensional arrangement of all heat exchanging elements in the plate block is also a problem because gas and solution have to be moved back and forth between these parts. Transport of a cold solution through a hot zone causes gas bubble formation. However, since liquid transport is only partially accomplished by gravity, gas bubbles can sustain the process.
    While the original concept for the panel construction (AT 506 358 Bl) provided sensors and control elements that were specifically designed to accommodate the confined space between the panels, the development of such elements to market maturity is time consuming and expensive, and is not worth keeping in mind there are ready-made control elements and sensors to buy inexpensively, their mistake being that they do not fit in their shape between the plates. It follows that one should better try to change the plate stack and its design principle so that it can accommodate the available control elements.
    The cooling temperature of these machines can not be controlled because it is dictated by the evaporator pressure, which in turn is determined by the recooling temperature. In principle, cooling temperature control in an ammonia water absorption chiller would already be possible (see AT 504 399 B1 - claim 6) if the solution concentration of this machine is changed , However, the method mentioned in the cited patent is not feasible in the plate concept sought here.
    Accordingly, the temperature in a room to be cooled could only be kept constant via a "stop-end go" operation if fluctuations in the recooling temperature are to be expected. However, starting the cooling process after a shutdown can take up to half an hour.
    The slow start up process is also related to the fact that the steam pumps mentioned need a starter that presses solution into the pumping space, which often needs to be repeated several times until the machine starts.
    Another problem is that the conventional construction of absorbers and generators of conventional plate-type ammonia-water absorption chillers did not work and had to be re-invented. One suggestion is to some extent found in AT 511 228B1 Fig. 4, where the shape of the generator or absorber is not very different from the serpentine shape which has proved particularly suitable for high performance plate-type heat exchangers. In the narrow gap of a mold plate between two separator plates a serpentine does not mix the solution well with a gas, which in particular greatly limits the serviceability of serpentine absorbers. For the
    Generator there is another problem with serpentine channels: The resulting gas accelerates the liquid between the gas bubbles so that the residence time of the liquid is much lower than had been planned.
    But not only the basic elements of the plate-type ammonia water absorption chillers have to be redeveloped, but also steam pumps, chokes, check valves and float valves.
    Chokes are common in chillers, but they do not work well in batch systems, as the intermittent flow also experiences large pressure fluctuations that also cause large flow variations in a throttle. Float valves could solve the problem of intermittent flow, but it is very difficult to fit them between tight plates. As check valves, due to the very limited space between the plates, currently only so-called "umbrella valves" are suitable, which are small flap valves made of elastomers. However, because of their small size, the flow holes are also very small and tend to clog when there are suspended solids in the solution, which is unfortunately very common in the fiber composites mentioned
    Objects of the invention
    This results in clear requirements as to which problems are to be solved by the present invention. An architecture of the plate block, preferably non-hydraulic padding, is needed which allows pressure-proof integration of containers and routing of conduits between removed components without undesirable gas formation where there are no significant thermal bridges and different pressure zones do not cause leaks. Above all, this architecture has to be designed in such a way that large refrigeration machines can be composed of several identical small modular machines. • A particular variant of the Batch bypass system is to be fitted to this architecture of the system. • Check valves, due to the required low orifice pressure in the form of ball valves without return springs, must be vertically installable in the plates. This requires a special manufacturing technique. • Other controls must also be integrated into the disk stack. In particular, space must be created for bought-in control elements. • A steam pump with precisely controllable power must be provided from outside. • Heat recovery must not only refer to the portion of energy directly recoverable in the system, but also the low temperature portion of the heat of absorption must be used. • The machine must not require a starter • Cooling temperature control is required. Solution to the problem • The task of specifying a panel block architecture that allows to integrate vessels and route pipes between remote components that do not cause undesirable gas formation that does not have significant thermal bridges and where different pressure zones do not lead to leaks, is solved by loosening the original rigid concept of panel construction (AT506358B1), where only two-dimensional planar smooth panels were provided, and in addition allowing panels of different thickness, which may also deliberately contain three-dimensional elements, because such panels as well Computer-controlled CNC machines can be produced quickly and inexpensively. Thus, two different types of mold plates are used, thick plates several centimeters thick as container plates, as well as heat insulation plates which also serve as static elements against overpressure in adjacent zones and thin plates which take over the normal functions such as generator, absorber, etc, where heat is primarily exchanged. Channels for distributing solution and gas between the system elements are made in and along the surfaces of the thick insulation panels, but these channels do not break the panels. Thus, one can attach to the two outer surfaces of a thick plate two different channel systems, which not only run each other without crossing, but even against each other are thermally insulated. In order to enable the integration of purchased control elements, each plate block on both outer sides has thick plates for containers, heat insulation with distribution channels and static resistance to pressure from the inside, which continue the stacking of the plate block. These outer panels are several centimeters wider than the thin panels in the middle of the block so that they project beyond the center panels on one side. This results in a vertical indentation on one side of the plate block in the middle, into which regulating elements, e.g. Solenoid valves can be installed, which then come to lie directly between the distribution channels in the outer insulation panels. Since such solenoid valves, unlike the stationary and therefore durable plates, must be considered as wear parts, they are clamped between the plates with a special suspension device so that solenoid valves can be replaced without opening the whole plate block. In order to use such disk blocks as modules in a coherent larger system, for the media for heating, cooling or discharging the generated cold of the larger overall system, straight lines passing from one side of each modular disk block to the other side exist only inside each participating module it branches, to the individual components, which must be tempered. As a result, several machines can be joined together without an interval, so that a larger machine can be assembled from several identical modules. • A variant of the by-pass system, which is also suitable for batch processes, consists of a pre-accumulator in front of the bypass absorber into which the first vapor pump precisely doses (therefore a control is needed) to pump solution from the main absorber. From this Vorspeicher the solution of gravity runs into the bypass absorber, but so long that even in spite of the intermittent solution flow of the bypass absorber never empties completely. • Funnel-shaped ball check valves that can be installed vertically in the thick plates are made separately. In the plate, a rectangular opening is made for the valve in the top and bottom inlet and outlet channels open and the finished valve including ball is pressed into this opening, previously using sealing rings in the gap between valve and plate. • A steam pump with precisely controllable power is placed below the absorber reservoir and consists of two vertically stacked chambers, the lower of which is heated. Between Absorberspeicherund pump is a connection channel with input check valve and at the bottom of the lower container there is an outlet check valve. The upper and lower pump tanks are connected on one side to a siphon pipe and on the other side to a ventilation duct. The siphon line begins at the bottom of the upper chamber, then goes up to the upper end of this chamber, then turns downwards and into the lower chamber, emptying the upper chamber - as soon as it has filled - in the lower. In addition, there is a channel which is interrupted by a shut-off means from the upper end of the upper chamber in the a separate part of the absorber memory, in which there is always solution, because the absorber outlet opens into this part of the absorber memory and from there via an overflow into the remaining absorber memory continues to flow When this shut-off means is opened, gas from the pump can flow into the absorber reservoir where it is absorbed in the solution. This reduces the pressure in the pump until it becomes equal to the pressure in the absorber reservoir. At this moment, solution flows from the absorber storage following the gravity into the upper chamber of the pump. Once this is full, the solution passes over the siphon into the lower chamber where it heats up and the pressure in the pump rises. At the latest at this moment the blocking means must be closed. The pressure in the pump then rises to the value that prevails in the destination where the solution is supposed to go, and the solution flows through the outlet valve. Depending on the desired pumping intensity, it is now possible to allow time to elapse until the shut-off means is opened again so that the pressure in the pump drops again and the next cycle can begin. This regulation also allows the cooling performance of the machine to be controlled as desired, and the machine need not be shut down with a small amount of cooling. • To fully utilize the heat of absorption you need two tempering media. The first medium is the actual heating medium which heats the successive generator plates, this heating medium flowing in countercurrent to the ammonia solution. Along the generator, this medium cools and then flows along the successive plates of the first absorber (which is the hotter part of the entire absorber) back to the solution in countercurrent to the solution, whereby part of the heat energy consumed has been replaced. The second medium is cold to the second absorber (which is the cooler part of the entire absorber) and then flows along the plates one behind the other and then still on the gas cooler or
    Rectifiers of the two generators along and takes on more heat. This achieves a medium temperature which is suitable for normal domestic hot water. The entire COP of the machine can be doubled, which is especially important when heating the machine with expensive solar thermal collectors. • To enable the cooling process immediately when the machine is switched on, the condenser must have at its output a storage where liquid ammonia is released It must be guaranteed that there is always a certain minimum amount of weak solution in the absorbers which the ammonia gas can absorb at the moment of switching on as soon as the shut-off means at the condenser outlet is opened. This accumulator at the condenser outlet has the additional positive effect of allowing different amounts of liquid ammonia to be stored during operation of the machine by different control of the stoppage means, thereby removing them from the rest of the system. The more liquid ammonia is stored there, the weaker the solution in the absorber, and the lower its pressure, which also determines the pressure in the evaporator. At lower evaporator pressure, however, the ammonia vaporizes at a lower temperature, thereby lowering the refrigeration temperature. Conversely, lower storage rates in the condenser reservoir allow a higher refrigeration temperature to be set. • Above the controllable cooling temperature of each module in a large machine, the COP can be increased even further: the medium that brings the cold into a room to be cooled returns to the chiller much warmer. Now, if one sets the cooling temperatures of the individual modules such that the module through which the returning refrigerant medium flows first is the warmest and the module is the coldest, where the medium flows last before returning to the cooling space, the average cooling temperature of the modules is higher than nominal cooling temperature of the entire machine. However, as the COP depends strongly on the cooling temperature and is greater at warmer cooling temperature, thus saving energy.
    Effects of the Invention and Subclaims When using two different types of mold plates, multi-centimeter thick plates may serve as containers and as heat-insulating plates which also serve as static elements against over-pressure in adjacent zones and may also contain ducts which are not only intersecting with each other, but even against each other are heat-insulated. If the outer plates are a few centimeters wider than the thin plates in the middle of the block, there will be an indentation on one side of the plate block into which control elements, e.g. Magnetic valves can then be installed, which are then placed directly between the distribution channels in the outer insulation panels. When each modular panel block passes through the conduits of the tempering media from one side to the other, several modules can be grouted together without spacing so that a larger machine is assembled from several identical modules can be. • If a pre-accumulator is installed in front of the bypass absorber, into which the first steam pump pumps solution from the main absorber, which then runs slowly into the bypass absorber, the bypass absorber will never be completely empty and the bypass will always remain operational, even with intermittent operation of the machine. • Vertical ball check valves have a relatively large flow area and pressure, especially when using plastic balls. The risk of clogging is minimal. • The steam pumps with controllable pumping capacity allow the use of a bypass system to allow for lower cooling temperatures and higher recooling temperatures, allowing the use of such a chiller in all climates. • The two absorber recovery temperature control media allow full utilization of the resulting heat of absorption. Thus a COP - 2 is possible. • The liquid ammonia storage at the condenser outlet allows the cooling process to start immediately when the machine starts. Furthermore, with appropriate control of the condenser outlet control valve, this memory can serve to control the cooling temperature of the machine. • If you set the cooling temperature of the individual modules of a large system differently, you can save energy.
    Enumeration and brief description of the drawings
    In the drawings, Fig. 1 shows the outside view of a chiller in the form of a plate block, and Fig. 2 shows a functional diagram of an intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller with two steam pumps and bypass system. Fig. 3 shows a functional diagram of how to represent absorber or generator office of their plate-type tempering media; Fig. 4 shows a detail of a single ammonia plate representing a generator element; and Fig. 5 shows a detail of a single ammonia plate which constitutes an absorber element. FIG. 6 shows a detailed detail of a single water plate, which tempers a generator element or an absorber element.
    The digits and letters mean: M ... solenoid valve V .. ball check valve IA. .. First of the 3 part stacks, which consists mainly of tempered thick container plates, of thermal insulation boards with molded therein distribution channels and lying in between metal separator plates IB. .. last of the 3 part stacks, which consists mainly of tempered thick container plates, of thermal insulation boards with molded distribution channels and lying in between metal separator plates 2 .. .mittlerer the 3 part stacks, which consists mainly of heat exchanger elements, ie thin mold plates with intermediate separator plates 3 .. outer plates made of thick steel 4 .. holes for connecting rods 5 .. .opening to continuous connecting channel for tempering media 6 .. control elements 7 .. holes for mounting sensors 8 ... Absorber storage 8 A .. .pressure lowering chamber 9A ... upper chamber of the first vapor pump 9B ... lower chamber of the first vapor pump 9C ... siphon with lifting function of the first vapor pump 9D. "Pressure equalization of the first steam pump 10" .Bypass absorber storage 1OA .. .Bracking tank 11A ... Upper chamber of the second steam pump 11B "Lower chamber of the second steam pump IOC ... Siphon with lift function of the second steam pump 1 ID ... Pressure compensation of the second Steam pump 12 .. .Vo store of the generator 13 .. .Generator 14 .. .Gas liquid separator of the generator 15. "Bypass generator 16" .Gas liquid separator of the bypass generator 17 .. .Absorber, hot part17 A .. absorber siphon 17B .. Absorber gas separator 18 .. Absorber, warm part 19 "Bypass absorber 20 pre-store." Bypass absorber 21 "Bypass generator 22 pre-cooler." Rectifier 23. "Condenser 24" .Constant storage 25 ". Evaporator 26. ammonia plate 26A. "Ammoniacal solution 26B .. ammonia gas 27". Water plate 27A ... tempering medium 28 ".generator zone 29" .absorber zones 30 ". Evaporator zones 31 ... condenser zones
    Description of the drawings
    Fig.l shows the architecture of a plate stack according to the invention in the Schrägriss.Zwischen the two outer plates -3- are three consecutively stacked plate stack -1A, -2- and -1B-, of which the two outer consist of several thick plastic plates, with separating plates and water plates Temperature control, which are not visible because of the scale on this drawing. The plates in the inner sub-stack -2- consist of thin plastic plates with separating plates in between and are a few centimeters narrower than the outer plates. On the outer plate -3- can be seen the holes -4- for the connecting rods, which compress the plates. It is essential that these holes not only rest against the plate edges, but also delimit in the inner plate area zones 28, 29, 30, 31, behind which there are containers or heat exchangers with different pressures, which are delimited from each other due to local pressure of the connecting rods. At the same time these 4 zones extend horizontally through the whole machine and define where in the area of the thin plates -2- the functional elements generators -13,15-,
    Absorber -17,18,20-, evaporator -25- and condenser -23- are located. One can also see the openings -5- where the straight connecting lines for temperature control media, which run across the entire plate stack, open. In the frontal depression between the protruding two-sided thick plates -1A-, -1B-, there is room for control elements, such as e.g. Solenoid valves. Sensors for measuring the level of liquid in the containers are also attached to the thick plates -1A-, -1B- and the corresponding apertures -7- are intended to receive these sensors.
    Fig. 2 shows a functional diagram of a module of a plate-type refrigerating machine according to the invention. Containers are drawn as rectangles with rounded edges, plate heat exchangers as plate packs in the oblique edge. Arrows indicate the direction of flow of solution or gas,
    Connecting lines without an arrow refer to lines used for pressure equalization or condensate return. Arrows of the drawing, pointing up or down, refer to lines that also go up or down in reality. Tempering media that move in so-called "water plates" 27 are not shown for clarity. The two steam pumps are in the left-hand part of the picture, pump 1 being formed by parts 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 8A and M3, V1 and V2 and the pump 2 by parts 11A, 1IB, 11C, 11D and 10A and M5, V3 and V4. The function of the steam pump egg using the example of pump 1 explains: When the solenoid valve -M3- is opened, the chamber -9A- fills from the overlying absorber reservoir -8- via the ball check valve -VI- with solution. Chamber 9A is constantly tempered by two external water plates so that the temperature is between minimum 7 ° C and maximum 20 ° C above the condenser recooling temperature. Once chamber 9A has filled with solution, solenoid valve -M3- closes and the solution flows out of chamber -9A via the jack 9C into the chamber 9B below -9A, which is constantly heated to the generator heating temperature by the two external water plates. As soon as the solution in chamber 9 is warmed up, its pressure rises and the solution flow from the reservoir -8- into the chamber -9A-is interrupted because the ball valve -VI- closes Once in chamber-9B- the pressure of the target component of the solution is reached concrete case of the bypass absorber Vorspeichers -19- solution flows from the chamber -9B- through the output ball check valve -V2- in the memory -19-. When the chamber -9B- is empty, with a delay dictated by the control of the machine, the solenoid valve -M3- opens and the pump leaves its overpressure in the inlet chamber -8A- of the reservoir -8- which exerts a pressure lowering function because the cold solution located there immediately absorbs the gas from the pump until the pump and reservoir -8- are at the same pressure and thus the next pump cycle begins. The entrance chamber -8 A- is of adjoining
    Water plates kept constant at the condenser temperature and gets in each cycle fresh solution from the absorber -18-, which flows after a short residence time in the input chamber -8A- via an overflow into the actual solution reservoir -8-of the absorber -18-
    The other functions are as follows:
    The way of the solution of pump 1 through the system and back to the pump 1:
    The so-called "strong solution" coming from the absorber -18- passes through the first pump to the bypass absorber pre-reservoir -19- and from there into the bypass absorber -20- where it receives gas from the bypass generator-15-. From the bypass absorber, the now enriched solution (so-called "over-strong solution") fills the input chamber -10A- of the bypass absorber memory -10-. And gets into the second pump. From there, the solution enters the generator accumulator, the task of which is to reduce the surge pressure on the generator and from there into the actual generator -13- and then into the generator gas separator -14-. As soon as the solution level in the generator-gas separator -14- exceeds a predetermined level, the solenoid control valve -Ml - the now weak solution in the bypass generator -15- flow. Also, the bypass generator -15- has a gas separator -16- when the solution level exceeds a predetermined value, the second solenoid control valve -M2- allows this so-called "excess solution" to flow into the hot absorber -17- where the solution gas is from the evaporator -25 - takes up. From there, the solution and the heat-unabsorbed portion of the gas are transferred to the warm absorber-18 where the absorption process continues. Afterwards, the high-viscosity solution enters the absorber reservoir -8- and again into the first pump.
    The path of the ammonia from the generator -13- to the hot absorber -17-: From the gas separator -14- the gas is discharged via the rectifier -22-, where it gives off part of its heat for heat recovery, and then through the check valve -V3 -to the condenser -23 where it liquefies and then flows into the condenser reservoir 24-. In this container -24- is always a certain minimum amount of liquid ammonia to bring the machine after a shutdown and restart immediately to cool again. In addition, by proper control of the solenoid control valve -M4-, the amount of liquid ammonia stored in the reservoir 24 can be regulated and thus the solution concentration in the absorbers. This allows the cooling temperature of the machine to be defined. Via the valve -M4-, the liquid ammonia passes into the evaporator-25-, where it evaporates and generates the cooling fifect, which is there removed by a cooling medium. From the evaporator, the gas then goes into the hot absorber. A check valve in this connection line can prevent, but is not necessarily, any short-term malfunction of the machine operation in the event of large fluctuations in the recooling temperature.
    The Way of the Ammonia from the Bypass Generator to the Bypass Absorber: From the Bypass Absorber-15- the strong solution with the released gas goes to the bypass gas separator -16- where the solution goes to the solenoid control valve -M2-while the separated gas goes to the gas cooler -21 - Where it gives off part of its heat for heat recovery and goes from there to the bypass absorber.
    3 shows, in a schematic form, how to optimally design a generator or absorber together with tempering medium in a stack of vertical plates according to the invention. In this case, only the mold plates involved are shown between each two mold plates is in reality always a partition plate with holes at exactly places where the connecting lines shown in Figure 3 must pass through the separation plate. The plate cutouts shown correspond only to a respective subarea of generators or absorbers -13, 15, 17, 18-or -20 within the sub-stack -2- which together stack one behind the other to form a thicker plate stack, in which thin shaped plates -26, 27- engage with separating plates, not shown alternate. The plates are called ammonia plates because they can only contain ammoniacal solution or pure ammonia, whereas the plates are called water plates because they can only contain tempering media, which usually are not always strong in water. The water plates -27- and the ammonia plates -26- alternate regularly under the mold plates through the entire partial stack.
    FIG. 3 shows how the connecting lines of these plates must be driven so that both ammonia plates and water plates can be slowly and uniformly changed through the plate stack by virtue of the media involved -26A, 26B- on the one hand and -27A- on the other. flow in countercurrent.
    Figure 4 shows a panel cut-out of the zone -28- of a generator -13 or -15-left and on the right one can see the inflow and outflow ducts for gas -26B- and the boiling and bubbling solution -26A-. There are no directional arrows indicated that the generator plates, as shown in Fig. 3 it can be seen, alternately flows through from left and right. Generator elements -13- do not contain lands for diverting solution -26A- or gas -26B-.
    Figure 5 shows a plate section of the zone -29- of an absorber -17, 18- or -20-, all of which are of the same design. It can be seen that the gas -26B- is first led down through solution -26A- through a siphon -17A- and bubbled up the solution through the right-hand serpentine in an upward flow. In the upper region -17B- there is a gas separator so that the gas -26B- can leave the plate at the top while the solution -26A- leaves the plate cut-out at the lower end, which is possible because the siphon -17A- gives a pressure difference to the secondary plate , While the shown plate -17- is traversed from right to left, the flow in the following ammonia plate from left to right and the plate shape is mirrored horizontally, so that at the next absorber plate entrance on the left side again a siphon -17A comes to rest.
    Fig. 6 shows the corresponding panel cut-out of a water plate, this form applying to zone -28 as well as zone -29. Again, the water plates -27- alternate with their horizontally mirrored shape. The special shape of the ascending serpentine is designed to propel air bubbles upward so that all the space covered by the serpentine becomes airy. Should an air bubble get caught in the downstream channel on the right side, this will only affect a small part of the active heat exchanger surface.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    Claims 1) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller in batch process, formed as a stack of vertical plates which are compressed between two thick outer steel plates, with bypass, temperature control and heat recovery, consisting of two generators (13,15), three absorbers (17,18 , 20), an evaporator (25), a condenser (23), two solution vapor pumps (on the one hand 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 8A, M3, VI, V2 on the other hand 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 10A, M5, V3 , V4), characterized in that the generator (13) with a generator prechamber (12) and a rectifier (22) and the bypass generator with a gas cooler (21) is connected and that the hot absorber (18) and the bypass downstream absorber (20) Have memory (8,10) and the bypass absorber (20) an absorber prechamber (19) has, and that for the construction of the plate stack in addition to the thin flat and largely two-dimensional mold plates for receiving heat exchanging elements such Generators, absorbers, condenser and evaporators are used, even thick plastic mold plates are used with three-dimensional elements, which are used for containers, pumps and the recording of distribution channels or generally for heat insulation, this plate stack consists of three-part juxtaposed sub-stacks, of which the two outer (1 A , 1B) mainly for receiving temperature-controlled containers, pumps and distribution channels, while the middle stack (2) consists mainly of heat exchanging elements such as generators, absorbers, condenser and evaporator, and all three sub-stacks (1A, 1B, 2) the same Height, but the two outer stacks QA, 1B) are the same width, but wider than the middle stack (2) and all three sub-stacks (1 A, 1B, 2) are stacked congruent with the upper edges and lower edges and a common side edge, so that on the other side of the entire plate stack a verti The vertical longitudinal channel is formed by mounting the machine's control elements (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) and controlling the power of the steam pumps by the signals from sensors (7) which detect the level of fluid in the pump tank.
    [2]
    2) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to claim 1, characterized in that the functional components are arranged according to their operating temperature, wherein in the vertical direction four zones (28, 29, 30, 31) and in the horizontal direction three zones (ΙΑ, 1B, 2) with the hottest zone (28) with the two generators (13.15) at the bottom, above that the slightly hot zone (29) with the absorbers (17, 18, 20) and above, after a heat-insulating gap, the cold evaporators Zone (30) and the condenser zone (31) lie, while in the horizontal direction the temperature rises from the zone (1A) to zone (1B), namely from the trough zone (1A) with the warm pump containers (9A, 9B, 11 A, 11B) over the central zone (2), where generators (13.15) and absorbers (17, 18, 20) are arranged so that their cooler plates face the zone (1A), while their hotter plates are directed to the hot zone (1B ) adjoin which gas separators (14, 16) and rectifier (22),
    [3]
    3) Controllable vapor pump, consisting of an inlet check valve (V1 or V3), two chambers (9A, 9B or 11A, 11B), a siphon (9C or 11C) with lift function, a pressure equalization line (9D or 1 ID), a solenoid valve (M3 or M5), a pressure reducer (8A or 10A) and an outlet check valve (V2 or V4), characterized in that both pump chambers (9A, 9B and 11A, 11B) below the memory (8 and 10) of the upper chamber (9A and 11A, respectively) being fed by the input valve (VI and V3, respectively) and the siphon (9C and 11C, respectively) being the lower end of the upper chamber (9A and 11A, respectively) and the lower end of the lower chamber Chamber (9B and 11B) connects and the pressure equalization line (9D or 11D) connects the upper end of the upper chamber (9A or 11A) with the upper end of the lower chamber (9B and 11B), and that the exit check valve (V2 and V4) from the lower end of the lower chamber (9B and 11B, respectively), while the controllable solenoid valve (M3 or M3 resp M5), the upper chamber (9A or 11A) with the pressure reducer (8Abzw. 10A) in the memory (8 or 10).
    [4]
    4) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the control elements (6) are controlled by liquid-indicating sensors fitted in the container-containing plates (1A, 1B) from the side (7).
    [5]
    5) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to claims 1, and 3, characterized in that the control elements in the gutter between the sub-stacks (1A and 1B) are held by the pressure of removable threaded pipe pieces which are outwardly against these sub-stacks (1A and 1B) and through which the gas or liquid flow to be controlled flows.
    [6]
    6) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to the claims 1, and 3, characterized in that in front of the bypass absorber (20) a Vorspeicher (19) is mounted, in which the first vapor pump (9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 8A , M3, VI, V2) pumped in solution from the absorber reservoir (8) precisely metered, so that the solution of gravity flows from this preliminary reservoir (19) into the underlying bypass absorber (20).
    [7]
    7) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to claims 1, and 3, characterized in that the valve bodies of the ball check valves (V), which are closed by gravity, because the ball is in a vertical funnel-shaped opening, outside the intended thick for them Plates (lA, 1B) are made and then pressed into corresponding openings of these thick plates (lA, 1B).
    [8]
    8) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to claims 1, and 3, characterized in that the released heat of absorption is absorbed by two different Temperierungsmedien, wherein the first medium is the actual heating medium (27A), which first heats the successive generator plates (13) , wherein this heating medium (27A) flows countercurrently to the ammonia solution (26A) and thereby cools and thereafter along the successive plates of the hot absorber (17) flows again in countercurrent to the solution (26 A) and then leaves the machine, while the second medium is cold enters the machine and first flows to the warm absorber (18) and then flows along the consecutive plate to the gas cooler (21) and rectifier (22) of the two generators (13,15) where it absorbs further heat.
    [9]
    9) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to claims 1, and 3, characterized in that in the middle sub-stack (2) thin mold plates in the form of successively stacked ammonia plates -26- and water plates -27- alternating regularly between each two mold plates a metal Separation plate is located.
    [10]
    10) Intermittent Ammonia iak water absorption chiller according to the claims 1, and 3, characterized in that the section of the ammonia plates (26) provided for a generator (13, 15) consists of a rectangular cut-out on each of which two connection channels (26A , 26B) from each of which a connecting tunnel through the intermediate two separating plates and the water plate (27) lead to the next ammonia plate (26) and that on one side of the generator cutout (13) is a hole (27A) through which the connection tunnel between the the ammonia plate (26) enclosing two water plates (27) leads
    [11]
    11) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to claims 1, and 3, characterized in that the portion of the ammonia plates (26) provided for an absorber (17,18,20) consists of two adjacent rectangular cut-outs each containing a serpentine channel these channels are interconnected at the top (17B), and at the two outer sides of this absorber plate (17) there are two connection channels (26A, 26B) each, the gas feeding line of the two gas connections (26B) communicating with the lower end of the gas connection (17A) one serpentine channel and where from each port (26A, 26B) one connecting tunnel leads through the intervening two partition plates and the water plate (27) to the next ammonia plate (26) and at one side of the absorber cutout (17) has a hole (27A ), through which the connection tunnel between the ammonia The plate (26) encloses both water plates (27).
    [12]
    12) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to the claims 1, and 3, characterized in that the portion of the water plates (27) provided for the tempering of an absorber (17,18,20) or generator (13,15) consists of a rectangular cut-out holding a serpentine channel in which the temperature control medium flows from below upwards into the two lateral connection channels (27A), andwhere from each connection channel (27A) one connection tunnel through the intermediate two partition plates and the ammonia plate (26) to an adjacent water plate (27) and that on one side of the tempering section (27) there are two holes (26A, 26B) through which the connection tunnels pass between the two water plates (27) enclosing the water plate (27).
    [13]
    13) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that at the outlet of the condenser (23) and before the Druckstofe (M4) to the evaporator (25) towards a memory (24) for receiving liquid ammonia is ,
    [14]
    14) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to claims 1, and 3, characterized in that a plurality of such machines can be connected as autonomous modules, each with its own independent ammonia system in a larger block, wherein the congruent plate stacks of the individual modules are connected in a total stack.
    [15]
    15) Intermittent ammonia-water absorption chiller according to claims 1, 3 and 14, characterized in that lines for the media for heating, for cooling or for discharging the generated cold from one side of the plate block to the other side pass through such that their inputs or outputs (5 ) at congruent positions of the opposing outer plate (3), only in the interior of each participating module there are branches, to the individual components, which must be tempered.
    [16]
    16) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to claims 1,3,14 and 15, characterized in that the controllable cooling temperature of the individual modules in a large machine is set at different temperatures so that the medium to be cooled first flows through the module with the warmest cooling temperature, which is just below the temperature of the room to be cooled, thereafter through the module at the next colder temperature and so on until the last module, which is set at the lowest temperature, which is the nominal temperature of the whole system.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN105849476A|2016-08-10|
    AU2014338692A1|2016-06-09|
    WO2015059563A3|2015-07-30|
    AT514997B1|2015-11-15|
    US20160252277A1|2016-09-01|
    WO2015059563A2|2015-04-30|
    AU2014338692B2|2017-07-13|
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    AT504399B1|2006-10-19|2008-12-15|Econicsystems Innovative Kuehl|ABSORPTION CHILLER|
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    US9070055B2|2012-07-25|2015-06-30|Nike, Inc.|Graphic alignment for printing to an article using a first display device and a second display device|CN106802014A|2015-11-26|2017-06-06|四川捷元科技有限公司|The built-in solution heat exchanger of absorption refrigeration unit|
    CN106802015A|2015-11-26|2017-06-06|四川捷元科技有限公司|Absorption refrigeration unit throttling arrangement|
    CN106802017A|2015-11-26|2017-06-06|四川捷元科技有限公司|Absorption refrigeration unit integral type water pipe system|
    CN106802013A|2015-11-26|2017-06-06|四川捷元科技有限公司|Unit-combination type refrigeration matrix|
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    CN106802016A|2015-11-26|2017-06-06|四川捷元科技有限公司|Absorption refrigeration unit current interface|
    DE102016010741A1|2016-09-03|2018-03-08|Eco ice Kälte GmbH|Ammonia / water absorption chiller|
    CN106288497A|2016-10-17|2017-01-04|四川捷元科技有限公司|Absorption refrigeration unit internal heat assembly, absorption refrigeration unit and matrix|
    CN106288491A|2016-10-18|2017-01-04|四川捷元科技有限公司|Absorption refrigeration unit and absorption refrigeration matrix|
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    法律状态:
    2019-06-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20181021 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA807/2013A|AT514997B1|2013-10-21|2013-10-21|Modular absorption chiller in slab construction|ATA807/2013A| AT514997B1|2013-10-21|2013-10-21|Modular absorption chiller in slab construction|
    US15/030,661| US20160252277A1|2013-10-21|2014-10-16|Modulation absorption refrigerator in plate design|
    AU2014338692A| AU2014338692B2|2013-10-21|2014-10-16|Modulation absorption refrigerator in plate design|
    CN201480065385.8A| CN105849476A|2013-10-21|2014-10-16|Modulation absorption refrigerator in plate design|
    PCT/IB2014/002399| WO2015059563A2|2013-10-21|2014-10-16|Modulation absorption refrigerator in plate design|
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